There and Back Again Murray Bookchin

American political philosopher (1921–2006)

Murray Bookchin
Bookchin in 1999
Born	January 14, 1921 New York Metropolis, U.Due south.
Died	July 30, 2006(2006-07-30) (aged 85) Burlington, Vermont, U.Due south.
Era	20th-/21st-century philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Continental Philosophy, Riot, Libertarian Socialism, Hegelianism, Philosophy of ecology
Main interests	Social hierarchy, dialectics, post-scarcity, libertarian socialism, ethics, environmental sustainability, environmental, history of popular revolutionary movements
Notable ideas	Social ecology
Influences Hannah Arendt, Aristotle, Charles Darwin, Guy Debord, G. Westward. F. Hegel,[1] Françoise d'Eaubonne, Lewis Mumford, Charles Fourier, Karl Marx, Emma Goldman, Peter Kropotkin,[2] : viii, 11 Herbert Marcuse, Jane Jacobs,[three] Frankfurt School, Karl Polanyi, Erwin Anton Gutkind, Ernst Bloch[2] : 8, 11
Influenced Abdullah Öcalan, David Harvey, Rojava Revolution, David Graeber, Modibo Kadalie

Murray Bookchin (Jan 14, 1921 – July 30, 2006^[1]) was an American social theorist, author, orator, historian, and political philosopher. A pioneer in the environmental movement,^[four] Bookchin formulated and developed the theory of social environmental and urban planning within anarchist, libertarian socialist, and ecological idea. He was the writer of two dozen books covering topics in politics, philosophy, history, urban affairs, and social ecology. Amidst the most important were Our Synthetic Environment (1962), Postal service-Scarcity Anarchism (1971), The Ecology of Freedom (1982) and Urbanization Without Cities (1987). In the late 1990s, he became disenchanted with what he saw as an increasingly apolitical "lifestylism" of the contemporary anarchist movement, stopped referring to himself as an anarchist, and founded his own libertarian socialist ideology called "communalism", which seeks to reconcile Marxist and anarchist thought.^{[5] [6]}

Bookchin was a prominent anti-capitalist and advocate of social decentralization along ecological and democratic lines. His ideas take influenced social movements since the 1960s, including the New Left, the anti-nuclear movement, the anti-globalization movement, Occupy Wall Street, and more recently, the democratic confederalism of Rojava. He was a central figure in the American green movement and the Burlington Greens.

Biography [edit]

Bookchin was born in New York City to Russian Jewish immigrants^{[7] [8]} Nathan Bookchin and Rose (Kaluskaya) Bookchin. He grew upwardly in the Bronx, where his grandmother, Zeitel, a Socialist Revolutionary, imbued him with Russian populist ideas. After her death in 1930, he joined the Young Pioneers, the Communist youth organization (for children 9 to 14)^[9] and the Immature Communist League (for youths) in 1935. He attended the Workers School near Union Foursquare, where he studied Marxism. In the belatedly 1930s he broke with Stalinism and gravitated toward Trotskyism, joining the Socialist Workers Political party (SWP). In the early 1940s, he worked in a foundry in Bayonne, New Bailiwick of jersey, where he was a trade union organizer and shop steward for the United Electrical Workers also as a recruiter for the SWP. Within the SWP, he adhered to the Goldman-Morrow faction, which broke abroad after the war concluded. He was an automobile worker and UAW member at the time of the nifty General Motors strike of 1945–46. In 1949, while speaking to a Zionist youth organization at City College, Bookchin met a mathematics student, Beatrice Appelstein, whom he married in 1951.^[x] They were married for 12 years and lived together for 35, remaining close friends and political allies for the balance of his life. They had 2 children, Debbie and Joseph.^[11] On religious views, Bookchin was an atheist, simply was considered to be tolerant of religious views.^[12]

From 1947, Bookchin collaborated with a fellow lapsed Trotskyist, the German departer Josef Weber, in New York in the Movement for a Democracy of Content, a group of 20 or and so post-Trotskyists who collectively edited the periodical Contemporary Issues – A Magazine for a Democracy of Content. Contemporary Issues embraced utopianism. The periodical provided a forum for the belief that previous attempts to create utopia had foundered on the necessity of toil and drudgery; but at present mod technology had obviated the demand for man toil, a liberatory development. To attain this "post-scarcity" society, Bookchin developed a theory of ecological decentralism. The mag published Bookchin'south start articles, including the pathbreaking "The Trouble of Chemicals in Food" (1952). In 1958, Bookchin defined himself every bit an anarchist,^[ix] seeing parallels between anarchism and environmentalism. His outset volume, Our Synthetic Environment, was published nether the pseudonym Lewis Herber, in 1962, a few months before Rachel Carson's famous Silent Bound.^{[13] [14]} The book described a broad range of ecology ills, but received lilliputian attention because of its political radicalism.

In 1964, Bookchin joined the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), and protested racism at the 1964 Globe's Fair. During 1964–67, while living on Manhattan's Lower East Side, he cofounded and was the master figure in the New York Federation of Anarchists. His groundbreaking essay "Ecology and Revolutionary Idea" introduced environmentalism and, more specifically, ecology as a concept in radical politics.^[fifteen] In 1968, he founded some other group that published the influential Anarchos mag, which published that and other innovative essays on postal service-scarcity and on sustainable technologies such as solar and wind energy, and on decentralization and miniaturization. Lecturing throughout the United States, he helped popularize the concept of environmental to the counterculture. His widely republished 1969 essay "Heed, Marxist!"^[16] warned Students for a Democratic Social club (in vain) confronting an impending takeover by a Marxist group. "Once once again the dead are walking in our midst," he wrote, "ironically, draped in the name of Marx, the man who tried to coffin the dead of the nineteenth century. Then the revolution of our own day tin practise nothing improve than parody, in turn, the October Revolution of 1917 and the civil war of 1918–1920, with its 'grade line,' its Bolshevik Political party, its 'proletarian dictatorship,' its puritanical morality, and fifty-fifty its slogan, 'Soviet power'".^[17] These and other influential 1960s essays are anthologized in Mail service-Scarcity Riot (1971).

In 1969–1970, he taught at the Alternate U, a counter-cultural radical school based on 14th Street in Manhattan. In 1971, he moved to Burlington, Vermont, with a group of friends, to put into practise his ideas of decentralization. In the fall of 1973, he was hired by Goddard Higher to lecture on technology; his lectures led to a education position and to the creation of the Social Ecology Studies program in 1974 and the Institute for Social Ecology (ISE) soon thereafter, of which he became the manager. In 1974, he was hired past Ramapo College in Mahwah, New Jersey, where he quickly became a full professor. The ISE was a hub for experimentation and study of appropriate applied science in the 1970s. In 1977–78 he was a fellow member of the Spruce Mountain Analogousness Group of the Clamshell Alliance. Also in 1977, he published The Spanish Anarchists, a history of the Spanish anarchist movement upward to the revolution of 1936. During this menses, Bookchin briefly forged some ties with the nascent libertarian movement, speaking at a Libertarian Party convention and contributing to a newsletter edited by Karl Hess. Nevertheless, Bookchin rejected the types of libertarianism that advocated unconstrained individualism.^[eighteen]

In From Urbanization to Cities (published in 1987 equally The Rise of Urbanization and the Pass up of Citizenship), Bookchin traced the autonomous traditions that influenced his political philosophy and defined the implementation of the libertarian municipalism concept. A few years later, The Politics of Social Environmental, written by his partner of 19 years, Janet Biehl, briefly summarized these ideas.

In 1988, Bookchin and Howie Hawkins founded the Left Light-green Network "as a radical alternative to U.S. Light-green liberals", based effectually the principles of social ecology and libertarian municipalism.^[nineteen]

In 1995, Bookchin lamented the turn down of American riot into primitivism, anti-technologism, neo-situationism, individual self-expression, and "ad hoc adventurism," at the expense of forming a social movement. Arthur Verslius said, "Bookchin ... describes himself as a 'social agitator' because he looks forrad to a (gentle) societal revolution. ... Bookchin has lit out after those whom he terms 'lifestyle anarchists.'"^[20] The publication of Social Anarchism or Lifestyle Anarchism in 1995, criticizing this tendency, was startling to anarchists. Thereafter Bookchin ended that American anarchism was essentially individualistic and bankrupt with anarchism publicly in 1999. He placed his ideas into Communalism, a political ideology and class of libertarian socialism that retains his ideas about associates commonwealth and the necessity of decentralization of settlement, power/money/influence, agriculture, manufacturing, etc. His terminal major published work was The 3rd Revolution, a four-volume history of the libertarian movements in European and American revolutions.

He continued to teach at the ISE until 2004. Bookchin died of congestive heart failure on July 30, 2006, at his home in Burlington, at the historic period of 85.^[21]

Thought [edit]

In addition to his political writings, Bookchin wrote extensively on philosophy, calling his ideas dialectical naturalism.^{[two] : 31} The dialectical writings of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, which articulate a developmental philosophy of change and growth, seemed to him to lend themselves to an organic, environmentalist approach.^{[2] : 96–97} Although Hegel "exercised a considerable influence" on Bookchin, he was not, in any sense, a Hegelian.^[22] His philosophical writings emphasize humanism, rationality, and the ideals of the Enlightenment.^{[23] [24]}

Bookchin does non clearly ascertain many of the key terms of his philosophy.^[25]

General sociological and psychological views [edit]

Bookchin was disquisitional of course-centered analysis of Marxism and simplistic anti-state forms of libertarianism and liberalism and wished to present what he saw as a more complex view of societies. In The Ecology of Freedom: The Emergence and Dissolution of Hierarchy, he says that:

My utilise of the word hierarchy in the subtitle of this work is meant to be provocative. At that place is a strong theoretical need to contrast hierarchy with the more widespread use of the words class and State; devil-may-care use of these terms can produce a dangerous simplification of social reality. To use the words hierarchy, class, and State interchangeably, equally many social theorists exercise, is insidious and obscurantist. This exercise, in the proper name of a "classless" or "libertarian" society, could easily conceal the existence of hierarchical relationships and a hierarchical sensibility, both of which – even in the absenteeism of economic exploitation or political coercion-would serve to perpetuate unfreedom.^[26]

Bookchin likewise points to an accumulation of hierarchical systems throughout history that has occurred up to contemporary societies which tends to determine the homo collective and individual psyche:

The objective history of the social construction becomes internalized as a subjective history of the psychic construction. Heinous equally my view may exist to modernistic Freudians, it is not the subject field of piece of work but the discipline of dominion that demands the repression of internal nature. This repression so extends outward to external nature as a mere object of rule and later of exploitation. This mentality permeates our individual psyches in a cumulative grade up to the present day-non merely as capitalism merely as the vast history of hierarchical social club from its inception.^[27]

Humanity's ecology predicament [edit]

Murray Bookchin's book nigh humanity'southward standoff course with the natural world, Our Constructed Environs, was published six months before Rachel Carson's Silent Leap. ^[28]

Bookchin rejected Barry Commoner'south belief that the environmental crisis could be traced to technological choices, Paul Ehrlich's views that it could be traced to overpopulation, or the even more pessimistic view that traces this crisis to man nature. Rather, Bookchin felt that our environmental predicament is the outcome of the malignant logic of capitalism, a system aimed at maximizing profit instead of enriching human lives: "By the very logic of its abound-or-die imperative, commercialism may well exist producing ecological crises that gravely imperil the integrity of life on this planet."

The solution to this crisis, he said, is not a return to hunter-gatherer societies, which Bookchin characterized as xenophobic and warlike. Bookchin likewise opposed "a politics of mere protest, lacking programmatic content, a proposed culling, and a movement to give people direction and continuity."^[28] He claims we need

a constant sensation that a given club's irrationality is deep-seated, that its serious pathologies are not isolated problems that tin can exist cured piecemeal just must be solved by sweeping changes in the often subconscious sources of crisis and suffering—that awareness solitary is what can hold a motion together, requite it continuity, preserve its message and organization beyond a given generation, and aggrandize its ability to deal with new issues and developments.^[28]

The reply and so lies in Communalism, a system encompassing a directly democratic political organization anchored in loosely confederated popular assemblies, decentralization of power, absence of domination of whatever kind, and replacing capitalism with human being-centered forms of production.^[28]

[edit]

In the history of environmentalism, social environmental is not a movement but a theory primarily associated with Bookchin and elaborated over his torso of work.^[29] He presents a utopian philosophy of human evolution that combines the nature of biology and society into a tertiary "thinking nature" beyond biochemistry and physiology, which he argues is a more than complete, conscious, ethical, and rational nature. Humanity, by this line of thought, is the latest development from the long history of organic development on Globe. Bookchin'due south social ecology proposes upstanding principles for replacing a society's propensity for hierarchy and domination with that of democracy and freedom.^[xxx]

Bookchin wrote near the effects of urbanization on human life in the early 1960s during his participation in the civil rights and related social movements. Bookchin and then began to pursue the connectedness betwixt ecological and social issues, culminating with his best-known book, The Environmental of Freedom, which he had developed over a decade.^[31] His argument, that human being domination and destruction of nature follows from social domination between humans, was a breakthrough position in the growing field of ecology. Life develops from self-organization and evolutionary cooperation (symbiosis).^[32] Bookchin writes of preliterate societies organized effectually mutual need but ultimately overrun by institutions of hierarchy and domination, such equally city-states and capitalist economies, which he attributes uniquely to societies of humans and non communities of animals.^[33] He proposes confederation between communities of humans run through democracy rather than through authoritative logistics.^[34]

Municipalism and communalism [edit]

Bookchin'south vision of an ecological society is based on highly participatory, grassroots politics, in which municipal communities democratically plan and manage their affairs through popular associates, a program he called Communalism. This democratic deliberation purposefully promotes autonomy and self-reliance, as opposed to centralized state politics. While this program retains elements of riot, information technology emphasizes a higher caste of organization (community planning, voting, and institutions) than general anarchism. In Bookchin's Communalism, these autonomous, municipal communities connect with each other via confederations.^[35]

Starting in the 1970s, Bookchin argued that the arena for libertarian social change should be the municipal level. In "The Next Revolution", Bookchin stresses the link that libertarian municipalism has with his earlier philosophy of social ecology. He writes:

"Libertarian Municipalism constitutes the politics of social ecology, a revolutionary effort in which freedom is given institutional grade in public assemblies that become decision-making bodies."^[36]

Bookchin proposes that these institutional forms must take place within differently scaled local areas. In a 2001 interview he summarized his views this fashion: "The overriding problem is to change the structure of guild so that people proceeds power. The best arena to exercise that is the municipality—the city, town, and village—where nosotros have an opportunity to create a contiguous commonwealth."^[37] In 1980 Bookchin used the term "libertarian municipalism", to describe a organisation in which libertarian institutions of directly democratic assemblies would oppose and replace the country with a confederation of free municipalities.^[38] Libertarian municipalism intends to create a situation in which the two powers—the municipal confederations and the nation-state—cannot coexist.^[37] Its supporters—Communalists—believe it to exist the ways to achieve a rational gild, and its structure becomes the arrangement of society.

Legacy and influence [edit]

Though Bookchin, by his own recognition, failed to win over a substantial body of supporters during his ain lifetime, his ideas take all the same influenced movements and thinkers across the world.

Amidst these are the Kurdish People's Protection Units (YPG) and closely aligned Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) in Turkey, which take fought the Turkish state since the 1980s to try to secure greater political and cultural rights for the country's Kurds. The PKK is designated as a terrorist organization by the Turkish and Usa governments, while the YPG has been considered an marry of the Us confronting ISIS.^{[39] [40]} Though founded on a rigid Marxist–Leninist ideology, the PKK has seen a shift in its thought and aims since the capture and imprisonment of its leader, Abdullah Öcalan, in 1999. Öcalan began reading a variety of post-Marxist political theory while in prison house, and establish item interest in Bookchin's works.^{[41] [42]}

Öcalan attempted in early 2004 to arrange a meeting with Bookchin through his lawyers, describing himself every bit Bookchin's "student" eager to adapt his idea to Middle Eastern society. Bookchin was besides ill to take the asking. In May 2004 Bookchin conveyed this message "My promise is that the Kurdish people volition one 24-hour interval be able to establish a free, rational society that will allow their brilliance again to flourish. They are fortunate indeed to have a leader of Mr. Öcalan's talents to guide them". When Bookchin died in 2006, the PKK hailed the American thinker as "one of the greatest social scientists of the 20th century", and vowed to put his theory into practice.^[41]

"Democratic confederalism", the variation on Communalism adult by Öcalan in his writings and adopted by the PKK, does not outwardly seek Kurdish rights inside the context of the formation of an independent state split from Turkey. The PKK claims that this projection is not envisioned equally being only for Kurds, only rather for all peoples of the region, regardless of their ethnic, national, or religious groundwork. Rather, it promulgates the formation of assemblies and organizations beginning at the grassroots level to enact its ideals in a non-state framework beginning at the local level. It also places a particular accent on securing and promoting women'south rights.^[41] The PKK has had some success in implementing its programme, through organizations such every bit the Democratic Society Congress (DTK), which coordinates political and social activities within Turkey, and the Koma Civakên Kurdistan (KCK), which does so across all countries where Kurds live.^[43]

Selected works [edit]

• Mail service-Scarcity Anarchism (1971)
• The Spanish Anarchists: The Heroic Years (1977)
• The Ecology of Freedom: The Emergence and Dissolution of Bureaucracy (1982)

See also [edit]

• Eco-socialism
• History of the Green Party of the United States
• Outline of libertarianism

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b} Small, Mike (August 8, 2006). "Murray Bookchin" (Obituary). The Guardian . Retrieved June 30, 2018.
2. ^ ^{a b c d} Bookchin, Murray (Jan 2005). The Ecology of Freedom; The Emergence and Dissolution of Bureaucracy (Newspaper ed.). Chico CA: AK Press. ISBN9781904859260 . Retrieved June 30, 2018.
3. ^ Bookchin, Murray. The Philosophy of Social Ecology: Essays on Dialectical Naturalism. Montreal: Black Rose Books, 1996. pp. 57–59
4. ^ John Muir Institute for Ecology Studies, University of New Mexico, Environmental Philosophy, Inc, University of Georgia, Ecology Ideals v.12 1990: 193.
5. ^ Bookchin, Murray. "The Future of the Left," The Next Revolution: Popular Assemblies and the Promise of Direct Republic. New York: Verso Books, 2015. pp. 157–158.
6. ^ Biehl, Janet. "Bookchin Breaks with Anarchism". Communalism October 2007: 1.
7. ^ The Murray Bookchin Reader: Introduction Archived October 14, 2007, at the Wayback Automobile
8. ^ "The Murray Bookchin Reader: Intro". Dwardmac.pitzer.edu. Retrieved May 11, 2012.
9. ^ ^{a b} "Riot in America documentary". Youtube.com. January 9, 2007. Archived from the original on November 14, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2012.
10. ^ Toll, Andy. The Contained "Murray Bookchin, Political philosopher and activist who became a founder of the ecological motility" Baronial xix, 2006". The Independent. London. Baronial 19, 2006. Retrieved November 11, 2012.
11. ^ New York Times Martin, Douglas (August seven, 2006). "Murray Bookchin, 85, writer, Activist and Ecology Theorist Dies August 7, 2006". The New York Times . Retrieved November eleven, 2012.
12. ^ Light, A. (1998). Social environmental afterwards Bookchin. New York: Guilford Press.
13. ^ Paull, John (2013) "The Rachel Carson Letters and the Making of Silent Spring", Sage Open, 3(July):i–12.
14. ^ "A Short Biography of Murray Bookchin by Janet Biehl". Dwardmac.pitzer.edu. Retrieved May 11, 2012.
15. ^ "Ecology and Revolution". Dwardmac.pitzer.edu. June 16, 2004. Retrieved May 11, 2012.
16. ^ "Listen, Marxist!". Nasalam.org. Retrieved May 11, 2012.
17. ^ Walker, Jesse (July 31, 2006) Murray Bookchin, RIP, Reason
18. ^ "Reflections: Murray Bookchin". dwardmac.pitzer.edu . Retrieved October 16, 2019.
19. ^ Biehl, Janet (March 22, 2015). "The Left Green Network (1988–91)". Ecology or Catastrophe . Retrieved November sixteen, 2019.
20. ^ Verslius, Arthur (June 20, 2005) Decease of the Left?, The American Bourgeois
21. ^ "Murray Bookchin, visionary social theorist, dies at 85". the new york metropolis contained media middle.
22. ^ Bookchin, Murray. The Philosophy of Social Environmental: Essays on Dialectical Naturalism. Montreal: Blackness Rose Books, 1996. p. x^{[ ISBN missing ]}
23. ^ Murray Bookchin (1982), The Environmental of Freedom, Usa: Cheshire Books, p. twenty^{[ ISBN missing ]}
24. ^ See Re-Enchanting Humanity, London: Cassell, 1995, amidst other works.
25. ^ Curran 2007, p. 174.
26. ^ Murray Bookchin. The Environmental of Freedom: the emergence and dissolution of Hierarchy. Cheshire Books: Palo Alto. 1982. p. three^{[ ISBN missing ]}
27. ^ Murray Bookchin. The Ecology of Freedom: the emergence and dissolution of Bureaucracy. Cheshire Books: Palo Alto. 1982. p. 8^{[ ISBN missing ]}
28. ^ ^{a b c d} Bookchin, Murray (2015). Bookchin, Debbie; Taylor, Blair (eds.). The next revolution: Popular assemblies and the promise of direct democracy (with a foreword by Ursula K. Le Guin). London: Verso. ISBN978-1781685815.
29. ^ Calorie-free, Andrew (1998). Social Ecology After Bookchin. Guilford Printing. p. 5. ISBN978-1572303799.
30. ^ Stokols, Daniel (2018). Social Ecology in the Digital Age: Solving Circuitous Problems in a Globalized World. Elsevier Science. p. 33. ISBN978-0128031148.
31. ^ Light 1998, p. v–6.
32. ^ Light 1998, p. half dozen.
33. ^ Light 1998, p. 7.
34. ^ Light 1998, p. 8.
35. ^ Bookchin, Murray. Costless Cities: Communalism and the Left.
36. ^ Murray Bookchin (2015), The Next Revolution, London, Verso Press, p. 96^{[ ISBN missing ]}
37. ^ ^{a b} Murray Bookchin, interview by David Vanek (Oct 1, 2001) Straw, a Journal of Social Ecology, Vol. 2 No. one. Establish for Social Ecology.
38. ^ Bookchin, K. (October 1991). Libertarian Municipalism: An Overview. Light-green Perspectives, No. 24. Burlington, VT.
39. ^ Bookchin, Debbie (June 15, 2018). "How My Father'southward Ideas Helped the Kurds Create a New Commonwealth". The New York Review of Books . Retrieved October 23, 2019.
40. ^ Barnard, Anne; Hubbard, Ben (January 25, 2018). "Allies or Terrorists: Who Are the Kurdish Fighters in Syria?". The New York Times . Retrieved October 23, 2019.
41. ^ ^{a b c} Biehl, Janet (February 16, 2012). "Bookchin, Öcalan, and the Dialectics of Democracy". New Compass. Retrieved Jan 27, 2014.
42. ^ de Jong, Alex (March 2016). "The New–Old PKK". Jacobin.
43. ^ Biehl, Janet (Oct 9, 2011). "Kurdish Communalism". New Compass. Retrieved January 27, 2014.

Bibliography [edit]

• Curran, Giorel (2007). 21st Century Dissent: Anarchism, Anti-Globalization and Environmentalism. International Political Economy. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN978-one-4039-4881-6.

Further reading [edit]

• Toll, Andy, Recovering Bookchin: Social Ecology and the Crises of Our Time, New Compass (2012)
• Biehl, Janet, Environmental or Catastrophe: The Life of Murray Bookchin (Oxford University Printing, 2015).
• Biehl, Janet, The Murray Bookchin Reader (Cassell, 1997) ISBN 0-304-33874-5.
• Biehl, Janet, "Mumford Gutkind Bookchin: The Emergence of Eco-Decentralism" (New Compass, 2011) ISBN 978-82-93064-x-7
• Marshall, P. (1992), "Murray Bookchin and the Ecology of Freedom", pp. 602–622 in, Demanding the Impossible. Fontana Press. ISBN 0-00-686245-4.
• Selva Varengo, La rivoluzione ecologica. Il pensiero libertario di Murray Bookchin (2007) Milano: Zero in condotta. ISBN 978-88-95950-00-6.
• Eastward. Castano, Ecologia eastward potere. United nations saggio su Murray Bookchin, Mimesis, Milano 2011 ISBN 978-88-575-0501-5.
• Damian F. White 'Bookchin – A Disquisitional Appraisal'. Pluto Press (United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland/Europe), University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-7453-1965-0 (HBK); ISBN 978-0745319643 (pbk).
• Andrew Light, ed., Social Ecology after Bookchin (Guilfor, 1998) ISBN ane-57230-379-four.
• Neither Washington Nor Stowe: Common Sense For The Working Vermonter, by David Van Deusen, Sean Westward, and the Green Mountain Anarchist Collective (NEFAC-VT), Catamount Tavern Press, 2004. This libertarian socialist manifesto took many of Bookchin's ideas and articulated them as they would manifest in a revolutionary Vermont.

External links [edit]

• Murray Bookchin entry at the Anarchy Archives
• Murray Bookchin Papers at Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Archives at New York University
• International Online Conference 2021: "100 years Murray Bookchin"

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Bookchin

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